Collaborative Problem Solving
- Molly Warren
- Oct 2
- 2 min read
Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is an evidence-based approach to conflict resolution that involves a fully collaborative approach between parties in order to reach workable and beneficial outcomes. It was designed at Massachusetts General Hospital and has been shown to reduce challenging behaviors, teach people the skills they lack, and build relationships with peers and/or authority figures in their lives. It is rooted in the idea that people “do well if they can,” rather than the more common belief that people would do well if they simply “wanted” to. In CPS, there are 3 “tiers of support” on which interventions are based.
Tier 1: Universal Support
Universal support refers to clear and realistic expectations that apply to someone whenever they are in a specific environment. In CPS, this usually refers to school-wide expectations, however, this may be adjusted to be the expectations of a household, residential facility, etc. CPS is unique in that it utilizes a group approach to develop the rules and expectations of the group itself. This can be beneficial because it allows the people who will be most affected by the expectations to have input in the development of the expectations. According to CPS, this creates “buy-in” from the group and bypasses power struggles that can occur when someone feels like they don’t have any agency related to what they are “allowed” to do or not do. This helps the clients we serve to effectively communicate and collaborate with others, understand different perspectives, problem solve, think flexibly, manage emotions, and build positive relationships with peers and adults.
Tier 2: Targeted Support
Targeted support utilizes the strategies and expectations identified in Tier 1 to support individuals and groups during specific challenges. CPS calls this “structured problem solving,” or Plan B. The idea is the conflict has arisen due to a plan or expectation not being met by one or more people. In this way, the targeted support is identifying a Plan B that is workable for that specific person and that also is in alignment with the universal supports identified in Tier 1.
Tier 3: Intervention Support
If targeted support strategies are not successful, CPS provides an assessment process and interventions centered around problem-solving that builds skills for individuals requiring the most support. This assessment process may be used to help write goals for FBA’s or other behavior plans. This shows CPS’ flexible but practical approach for both the individuals who utilize it, as well as the professionals who treat challenging behaviors.
Overall, CPS is an evidenced-based problem solving system that may be utilized as a means to foster strong relationships, teach important cognitive thinking skills, and foster a learning environment that is grounded in collaboration, empathy, and curiosity.
To learn more about CPS, follow this link.
CPS classes do require a fee, however, there are opportunities for financial assistance for both providers and parents. Additionally, many free resources are available on YouTube in order to gain an idea of the CPS process.
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